title: 1.4.二进制安装prometheus
order: 4

icon: lightbulb

主机名	IP地址	配置	系统	说明
localhost	192.168.11.61	2核4g	Ubuntu 20.04	Prometheus版本：2.37.6 LTS，grafana版本：9.4.3，alertmanager版本：0.25，node-exporter版本：1.5.0

1、环境准备

克隆虚拟机

通过链接克隆一台新的虚拟机，并把ip更为192.168.11.61

二、从官网手动安装（和通过gitee下载安装二选一）

Prometheus 采集、存储数据
Grafana 用于图表展示
alertmanager 用于接收 Prometheus 发送的告警信息
node-exporter 用于收集操作系统和硬件信息的metrics

1、安装Prometheus

官网下载地址,获取最新下载URL.

#切换到root用户
sudo -i

#下载prometheus二进制压缩包
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.37.6/prometheus-2.37.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#解压
tar xf prometheus-2.37.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#查看解压后的文件名
ls -l

mkdir /opt/prometheus -p

#移动解压后的文件名到/opt/，并改名prometheus
mv prometheus-2.37.6.linux-amd64/ /opt/prometheus/prometheus

创建一个专门的prometheus用户：

useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus

更改prometheus用户的文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus

创建 systemd 服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus \
  --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/data \
  --storage.tsdb.retention.time=60d \
  --web.enable-lifecycle

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

配置参数解释:

通过/opt/prometheus/prometheus -h查看帮助详情

--config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml                 #主配置文件
--storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/data                     #数据库存储目录
--web.console.libraries=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/console_libraries    #指定控制台库目录路径
--web.console.templates=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/consoles             #指定控制台模版目录路径
--storage.tsdb.retention=60d                                            #指明数据保留天数，默认15天
--web.enable-lifecycle                                                  #热加载

启动 Prometheus

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus.service

加入到开机自启动

systemctl enable prometheus.service

检查

systemctl status prometheus.service

查看 Prometheus 的日志以进行故障排除：

journalctl -u prometheus.service -f

访问地址

应用	访问地址	备注
prometheus	http://192.168.11.61:9090	无用户和密码
监控指标	http://192.168.11.61:9090/metrics

2、安装alertmanager

下载alertmanager

官网下载地址,获取最新下载URL.

注在root用户下执行

下载alertmanager二进制压缩包
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.25.0/alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#解压
tar xf alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#查看解压后的文件名
ls -l

#移动解压后的文件名到/opt/，并改名为alertmanager
mv alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/alertmanager

更改alertmanager文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus/alertmanager

创建 systemd 服务

cat >/etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service << "EOF"

[Unit]
Description=Alert Manager
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager \
  --config.file=/opt/prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
  --storage.path=/opt/prometheus/alertmanager/data

Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

启动 alertmanager

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start alertmanager.service

加入到开机自启动

systemctl enable alertmanager.service

检查

systemctl status alertmanager.service

修改prometheus配置

加入alertmanager

vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      #根据实际填写alertmanager的地址
      - localhost:9093

rule_files:
  #根据实际名修改文件名
  - "alert.yml"

# 搜刮配置
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'alertmanager'
    scrape_interval: 15s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['alertmanager:9093']

增加触发器配置文件

cat > /opt/prometheus/prometheus/alert.yml <<"EOF"
groups:
- name: Prometheus alert
  rules:
  # 对任何实例超过30秒无法联系的情况发出警报
  - alert: 服务告警
    expr: up == 0
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "服务异常,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "{{ $labels.job }} 服务已关闭"
EOF

检查配置

cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus/
./promtool check config prometheus.yml

重启prometheus或重新加载配置文件（二选一）

#重启
systemctl restart prometheus
或：
#重载，需要--web.enable-lifecycle配置
curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

访问地址

应用	访问地址	备注
alertmanager	http://192.168.11.61:9093	无用户和密码

检查

3、安装grafana

官网下载地址：https://grafana.com/grafana/download

二进制安装

cd ~

wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-9.4.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -zxvf grafana-enterprise-9.4.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

ls -l

mv grafana-9.4.3/ /opt/prometheus/grafana

更改grafana文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus

创建 systemd 服务

cat >/etc/systemd/system/grafana-server.service<<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Grafana server
Documentation=http://docs.grafana.org
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/grafana/bin/grafana-server \
  --config=/opt/prometheus/grafana/conf/defaults.ini \
  --homepath=/opt/prometheus/grafana
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动 alertmanager

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start grafana-server.service

加入到开机自启动

systemctl enable grafana-server.service

检查

systemctl status grafana-server.service

检查日志

journalctl -u grafana-server.service -f

web访问地址

应用	访问地址	备注
grafana	http://192.168.11.61:3000	默认：admin/admin

4、安装node_exporter

官网下载地址：https://prometheus.io/download/

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.5.0/node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar xvf node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

ls -l

mv node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/node_exporter

更改node_exporter文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus/node_exporter

创建 systemd 服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动 node_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter.service

加入到开机自启动

systemctl enable node_exporter.service

检查

systemctl status node_exporter.service

检查日志

journalctl -u node_exporter.service -f

web访问地址

应用	访问地址	备注
node-exporter	http://192.168.11.61:9100/metrics	无用户和密码

修改prometheus配置

prometheus服务器操作

cat >> /opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml <<"EOF"

# 再scrape_configs这行下面添加如下配置：
  #node-exporter配置
  - job_name: 'node-exporter'
    scrape_interval: 15s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9100']
      labels:
        instance: Prometheus服务器 
EOF

重载prometheus

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

Prometheus web上检查

http://192.168.11.61:9090/

三、通过gitee下载安装(和从官网手动安装二选一)

官网提供的下载地址都放在github上，国内下载很慢。我把他们都下载好了放在了我的gitee代码仓库

通过git clone下载

cd /opt

git clone https://gitee.com/linge365/prometheus.git

cd prometheus

#移动systemd 服务到/etc/systemd/system/目录下
mv *.service /etc/systemd/system/

#检查
ls -l /etc/systemd/system/

创建一个专门的prometheus用户：

useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus

更改prometheus用户的文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus

启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus.service
systemctl start grafana-server.service
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl start alertmanager.service

设置开机自启

systemctl enable prometheus.service
systemctl enable grafana-server.service
systemctl enable node_exporter.service
systemctl enable alertmanager.service

检查

systemctl status node_exporter.service
systemctl status prometheus.service
systemctl status grafana-server.service
systemctl status alertmanager.service