1、什么是dockerfile
DockerFile 是一种被Docker程序解释的脚本，DockerFile是由一条条的命令组成的，每条命令对应linux下面的一条命令，Docker程序将这些DockerFile指令再翻译成真正的linux命令，其有自己的书写方式和支持的命令，Docker程序读取DockerFile并根据指令生成Docker镜像，相比手动制作镜像的方式，DockerFile更能直观的展示镜像是怎么产生的，有了DockerFile，当后期有额外的需求时，只要在之前的DockerFile添加或者修改响应的命令即可重新生成新的Docke镜像，避免了重复手动制作镜像的麻烦,类似与shell脚本一样,可以方便高效的制作镜像
Dockerfile 镜像制作和使用流程
Dockerfile文件的制作镜像的分层结构
2、dockerfile指令解读
#### 2.1.FROM
功能为指定基础镜像，并且必须是第一条指令。 如果不以任何镜像为基础，那么写法为：FROM scratch。 同 时意味着接下来所写的指令将作为镜像的第一层开始
#### 2.2.MAINTAINER
镜像创建维护者信息
#### 2.3.RUN
功能为运行指定的命令
注意：多行命令不要写多个RUN，原因是Dockerfile中每一个指令都会建立一层. 多少个RUN就构建了多 少层镜像，会造成镜像的臃肿、多层，不仅仅增加了构件部署的时间，还容易出错。 RUN书写时的换行符是\
#### 2.4.CMD
功能为容器启动时要运行的命令
注意：补充细节：这里边包括参数的一定要用双引号，就是",不能是单引号。千万不能写成单引号。 原因是参数传递后，docker解析的是一个JSON array
#### 2.5.RUN和CMD的区别
不要把RUN和CMD搞混了。 RUN是构件容器时就运行的命令以及提交运行结果 CMD是容器启动时执行的命 令，在构件时并不运行，构件时紧紧指定了这个命令到底是个什么样子
#### 2.6.LABEL
功能是为镜像指定标签，为镜像写一些注释信息
但是并不建议这样写，最好就写成一行，如太长需要换行的话则使用\符号 如下：
注意：LABEL会继承基础镜像种的LABEL，如遇到key相同，则值覆盖
#### 2.7.EXPOSE
功能为暴漏容器运行时的监听端口给外部 但是EXPOSE并不会vim 使容器访问主机的端口 如果想使得容器与主 机的端口有映射关系，必须在容器启动的时候加上 -P参数
注意：如果在端口号后面加/tcp，默认为tcp协议，如果需要UDP端口需要添加/udp
#### 2.8.ENV
功能为设置环境变量
#### 2.9.ADD
一个复制命令，把文件复制到镜象中。 如果把虚拟机与容器想象成两台linux服务器的话，那么这个命令就类似 于scp，只是scp需要加用户名和密码的权限验证，而ADD不用。
注意：尽量不要把写成一个文件夹，如果是一个文件夹了，复制整个目录的内容,包括文件系统元数据
#### 2.10.WORKDIR
设置工作目录，对RUN,CMD,ENTRYPOINT,,ADD生效。如果不存在则会创建，也可以设置多次
#### 2.11.VOLUME
可实现挂载功能，可以将内部文件夹挂载到外部
#### 2.12.ENTRYPOINT
该命令与CMD类似，用于执行命令使用，还可以与CMD命令一起拼合使用
它与CMD的区别： 相同点：只能写一条，如果写多条，那么只有最后一条生效
不同点：CMD在创建容器时，在后面添加其他的CMD指令，CMD会被覆盖，但是ENTRYPOINT不会被覆盖，如果两个同时使用，CMD会变成ENTRYPOINT的参数
#### 2.13.ONBUILD
当构建一个被继承 Dcokerfile 这个时候就会触发运行ONBUILD命令。
#### 2.14.
类似ADD命令，将文件拷贝到镜像中3.使用DockerFile构建自己的镜像
Docker Hub中99%镜像都是从这个基础镜像过来的FROM scratch，然后配置需要的软件和配置来进行构建
3.1.创建一个自己的centos镜像
官方镜像属于极限压缩版缺少一些命令，我们构建一个自己的镜像添加一些命令，比如vim命令和ifconfig命令
3.1.1.创建工作目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir dockerfile
[root@localhost ~]# cd dockerfile/
[root@localhost dockerfile]#3.1.2.创建dockerfile文件
[root@localhost dockerfile]# touch dockerfile-centos3.1.3.编辑dockerfile文件
[root@localhost dockerfile]# vim dockerfile-centos
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn>
#环境变量
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
#添加执行过程命令等
RUN yum install -y vim
RUN yum install -y net-tools
#暴露端口
EXPOSE 80
#启动时运行的命令
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "-------end-------"
CMD /bin/bash3.1.4.构建镜像
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .
[+] Building 40.5s (8/8) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load build definition from dockerfile-centos 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 435B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 16.0s
=> CACHED [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe757 0.0s
=> [2/4] WORKDIR /usr/local 0.1s
=> [3/4] RUN yum install -y vim 21.1s
=> [4/4] RUN yum install -y net-tools 1.9s
=> exporting to image 1.2s
=> => exporting layers 1.2s
=> => writing image sha256:13f3ef13eced3e0de61356fea7ee7ec097d1af1caa85c980994c08762e3d4c9b 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos:0.1 0.0s
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mycentos 0.1 13f3ef13eced 23 seconds ago 666MB3.1.5.使用自己的镜像创建一个容器，并检查添加的命令是否存在
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -d -it --name mycentos mycentos:0.1
e88e58afbc0f58f9886876ba3f910bd2f35a842851d532243f711c2cef6166b4
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e88e58afbc0f mycentos:0.1 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp mycentos
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker exec -it mycentos bash
#vi并tab发现存在vim命令
[root@e88e58afbc0f local]# vi
vi view vigr vim vimdiff vimtutor vipw
#使用ifconfig查看网卡ip地址信息
[root@e88e58afbc0f local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 18 bytes 2306 (2.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@e88e58afbc0f local]#3.1.6.查看镜像的构建历史
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker history mycentos:0.1
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
13f3ef13eced 29 minutes ago CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin/bash"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo \"-------end------… 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo $MYPATH"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago RUN /bin/sh -c yum install -y net-tools # bu… 189MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago RUN /bin/sh -c yum install -y vim # buildkit 274MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago WORKDIR /usr/local 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago ENV MYPATH=/usr/local 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 29 minutes ago MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn> 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4… 204MB我们平时拿到的镜像，可以研究它是怎么做的
3.2.CMD和ENTRYPOINT区别
id="h4-cmd">CMD
功能为容器启动时要运行的命令,只有最后一条会生效
注意：补充细节：这里边包括参数的一定要用双引号，就是",不能是单引号。千万不能写成单引号。 原因是参数传递后，docker解析的是一个JSON array
ENTRYPOINT
该命令与CMD类似，用于执行命令使用，还可以与CMD命令一起拼合使用
它与CMD的区别： 相同点：只能写一条，如果写多条，那么只有最后一条生效
不同点：CMD在创建容器时，在后面添加其他的CMD指令，CMD会被覆盖，但是ENTRYPOINT不会被覆盖，如果两个同时使用，CMD会变成ENTRYPOINT的参数
3.2.1.测试cmd
[root@localhost dockerfile]# vim dockerfile-cmd-test
FROM centos:7
CMD ["ls","-a"]
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-test -t cmd-test:0.1 .
[+] Building 0.8s (5/5) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from dockerfile-cmd-test 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 136B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 0.3s
=> CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.5s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:06f2cc65ea4ade90802e89678c89aca197bf6ffc2c56c531355fd659627f6493 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/cmd-test:0.1
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it cmd-test:0.1 #命令ls -a生效
. .. .dockerenv anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker history cmd-test:0.1
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
06f2cc65ea4a 23 months ago CMD ["ls" "-a"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4… 204MB想追加一个命令 -l ls -al，cmd的清理 -l会被替换cmd["ls","-a"] 命令，-l不是命令所以报错。
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it cmd-test:0.1 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create task for container: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.如果想要执行，需要写完整命令
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it cmd-test:0.1 ls -al
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 14 08:04 .
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 14 08:04 ..
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Aug 14 08:04 .dockerenv
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12114 Nov 13 2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Aug 14 08:04 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Aug 14 08:04 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Nov 13 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 267 root root 0 Aug 14 08:04 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Nov 13 2020 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Nov 13 2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Nov 13 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Aug 14 06:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Nov 13 2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Nov 13 2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Nov 13 2020 var3.2.2.测试ENTRYPOINT
[root@localhost dockerfile]# vim dockerfile-entrypoint-test
[root@localhost dockerfile]# cat dockerfile-entrypoint-test
FROM centos:7
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint-test -t entrypoint:0.1 .
[+] Building 15.4s (5/5) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from dockerfile-entrypoint-test 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 151B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 15.3s
=> CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:5184c7d459a0111136914d90d94e7121f7fce3c2746b17b74fc2f1e808a37da8 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/entrypoint:0.1 0.0s
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run entrypoint:0.1
.
..
.dockerenv
anaconda-post.log
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run entrypoint:0.1 -l #可以直接追加命令
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 14 08:09 .
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 14 08:09 ..
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Aug 14 08:09 .dockerenv
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12114 Nov 13 2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 340 Aug 14 08:09 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Aug 14 08:09 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Nov 13 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 265 root root 0 Aug 14 08:09 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Nov 13 2020 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Nov 13 2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Nov 13 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Aug 14 06:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Nov 13 2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Nov 13 2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Nov 13 2020 var3.3.构建一个Tomcat镜像
3.3.1.准备镜像文件 Tomcat压缩包，jdk的压缩包
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.78.tar.gz jdk-8u201-linux-x64.tar.gz readme.txt3.3.2.编写dockerfile文件，官方命名：Dockerfile 构建的时候会自动寻找这个文件，就不要-f指定
FROM centos8:0.1
MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn>
# 把宿主机当前上下文的readme.txt拷贝到容器/usr/local/路径下
readme.txt /usr/local/cincontainer.txt
# 把java和tomcat添加到容器中（会自动解压）
ADD jdk-8u201-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.78.tar.gz /usr/local/
# 安装vim编辑器
RUN yum -y install vim
# 设置启动访问的初始位置，即工作目录，登录落脚点
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
# 配置java和tomcat的环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_201
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINE_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78
ENV CATALINE_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINE_HOME/lib:$CATALINE_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
# 容器启动后要执行的命令
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/bin/logs/catalina.out3.3.3.构建镜像
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker build -t mytomcat .
[+] Building 56.1s (11/11) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 732B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 15.3s
=> CACHED [1/6] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 3.7s
=> => transferring context: 161.75MB 3.7s
=> [2/6] readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt 0.3s
=> [3/6] ADD jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/ 8.1s
=> [4/6] ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.22.tar.gz /usr/local/ 0.1s
=> [5/6] RUN yum -y install vim 27.3s
=> [6/6] WORKDIR /usr/local 0.0s
=> exporting to image 1.2s
=> => exporting layers 1.2s
=> => writing image sha256:1b36d60ec8b7fec6519ea1e630451c0c97d66b1f058a34a357ef8ffb537ae798 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/mytomcat 3.3.4.使用镜像快速创建容器
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 mytomcat:0.1
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
32240222b32d mytomcat:0.1 "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp recursing_agnesi3.3.5.简单测试访问
3.3.6.创建容器并挂载本地目录，发布一个简单页面
（1）创建容器，命名tomcat01，并挂载相关目录
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -it -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat01 -v /usr/local/tomcat/webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/webapps -v /usr/local/tomcat/tomcatlogs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/logs mytomcat:0.1
c37b47bf75e8cb0aa7abd8c089527d00acc041fcecd8b0b85d5e759fb4e098ac
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c37b47bf75e8 mytomcat:0.1 "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 8 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp tomcat01（2）添加test目录，及测试文件
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost test]# vim index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>index page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>my index page</h1>
</body>
</html>（3）重启容器测试访问
[root@localhost test]# docker restart tomcat01
3.4.构建一个基于rpm安装的mysql镜像
通过rmp包二进制安装构建mysql镜像，基础镜像是有centos7
3.4.1.创建目录及所需文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir mysql3.4.2编写dockerfile文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim Dockerfie
FROM centos:centos7.9.2009
MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn>
VOLUME ["mysql_1","mysql_2"]
RUN yum install -y wget && yum -y install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm && rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
RUN yum -y install mysql-community-server
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]3.4.3.构建mysql镜像
[root@localhost mysql]# docker build -t mysql57:1.0 .
[+] Building 4.5s (7/7) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 440B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009 0.0s
=> [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009 0.0s
=> CACHED [2/3] RUN yum install -y wget && yum -y install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm && rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/3] RUN yum -y install mysql-community-server 0.0s
=> exporting to image 4.4s
=> => exporting layers 4.4s
=> => writing image sha256:726c077a2aebfb9c1816b4444e3d2b9d19365d29e69d4bcaaa29791d0abb4a0e 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/mysql57:1.0 0.0s3.4.4.创建一个容器
[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -itd --name mysql01 --privileged=true mysql57:1.0 /usr/sbin/init
965bb59093a03f4ed6d47d0e2c9da68eaae7a9b95feca3aca367a72d01892a24
[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it mysql01 systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: activating (start) since Thu 2023-08-24 08:55:52 UTC; 5s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 113 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 54 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /docker/965bb59093a03f4ed6d47d0e2c9da68eaae7a9b95feca3aca367a72d01892a24/system.slice/mysqld.service
└─115 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Aug 24 08:55:52 965bb59093a0 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 24 08:55:56 965bb59093a0 systemd[1]: New main PID 115 does not belong to service, and PID file is not owned by root. Refusing.
Aug 24 08:55:56 965bb59093a0 systemd[1]: New main PID 115 does not belong to service, and PID file is not owned by root. Refusing.
#出现报错信息，原因是映射cgroup内核限制资源目录，解决方法，添加映射目录-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup
[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -itd --name mysql02 -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup --privileged=true mysql57:1.0 /usr/sbin/init
bdfdc08c475058623460f7cab15d389fc13d5dd908cae687922c497ce1b9029a
[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it mysql02 systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-08-24 08:57:06 UTC; 1s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 114 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 54 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 116 (mysqld)
CGroup: /docker/bdfdc08c475058623460f7cab15d389fc13d5dd908cae687922c497ce1b9029a/system.slice/mysqld.service
└─116 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Aug 24 08:57:02 bdfdc08c4750 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 24 08:57:06 bdfdc08c4750 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.3.5.构建一个基于rpm安装的php8.0镜像
3.5.1.创建目录及所需文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir php3.5.2.编写Dockerfile文件
[root@localhost php]# vim Dockerfie
FROM centos:centos7.9.2009
MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn>
VOLUME ["php80_1","php80_2"]
RUN yum install -y wget && yum -y install https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/remi/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm && yum -y install yum-utils
RUN yum -y install php80-php-cli php80-php-common php80-php-devel php80-php-embedded php80-php-fpm php80-php-gd php80-php-mbstring php80-php-mysqlnd php80-php-pdo php80-php-opcache php80-php-xml php80-php-soap
RUN ln -sf /opt/remi/php80/root/usr/bin/php* /usr/local/bin
RUN ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/php80-php-fpm.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php80-php-fpm.service
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]3.5.3.构建镜像
[root@localhost php]# docker build -t php80:1.0 .
[+] Building 0.3s (9/9) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 759B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009 0.0s
=> [1/5] FROM docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009 0.0s
=> CACHED [2/5] RUN yum install -y wget && yum -y install https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/remi/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm && yum -y install yum-utils 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/5] RUN yum -y install php80-php-cli php80-php-common php80-php-devel php80-php-embedded php80-php-fpm php80-php-gd php80-php-mbstring php80-php-mysqlnd php80-php-pdo php80-php-opcache php80-p 0.0s
=> CACHED [4/5] RUN ln -sf /opt/remi/php80/root/usr/bin/php* /usr/local/bin 0.0s
=> [5/5] RUN ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/php80-php-fpm.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php80-php-fpm.service 0.3s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:df46ab6f91c2b8774e76a01686e111633fba615f10fc7c9900ab1b969e1a5d16 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/php80:1.0 0.0s3.5.4.创建一个容器
[root@localhost php]# docker run -itd --name php8 --privileged=true php80:1.0 /usr/sbin/init
6851d8f92ef490c94eb23a44c1a69e2ae4a665ffadd638daa631745c167d659c
[root@localhost php]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6851d8f92ef4 php80:1.0 "/usr/sbin/init" 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 9000/tcp php8
[root@localhost php]# docker exec -it php8 systemctl status php80-php-fpm
● php80-php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php80-php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-08-24 07:45:29 UTC; 25s ago
Main PID: 54 (php-fpm)
Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
CGroup: /docker/6851d8f92ef490c94eb23a44c1a69e2ae4a665ffadd638daa631745c167d659c/system.slice/php80-php-fpm.service
├─54 php-fpm: master process (/etc/opt/remi/php80/php-fpm.conf)
├─60 php-fpm: pool www
├─61 php-fpm: pool www
├─62 php-fpm: pool www
├─63 php-fpm: pool www
└─64 php-fpm: pool www
‣ 54 php-fpm: master process (/etc/opt/remi/php80/php-fpm.conf)
Aug 24 07:45:29 6851d8f92ef4 systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Aug 24 07:45:29 6851d8f92ef4 systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.3.6.构建一个基于rpm安装的nginx镜像
3.6.1.创建目录及所需文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# touch 111 > index.html3.6.2.编写Dockfile文件
[root@localhost nginx]# vim Dockerfie
FROM centos:centos7.9.2009
MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn>
VOLUME ["nginx_1","nginx_2"]
RUN yum install -y wget
RUN wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
RUN yum install -y nginx
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
EXPOSE 80 443
CMD ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]3.6.3.构建镜像
[root@localhost nginx]# docker build -t mynginx .
[+] Building 26.8s (11/11) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 428B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009 0.0s
=> CACHED [1/6] FROM docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 101B 0.0s
=> [2/6] RUN yum install -y wget 10.9s
=> [3/6] RUN wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo 0.3s
=> [4/6] RUN yum install -y nginx 14.1s
=> [5/6] RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 0.3s
=> [6/6] ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 0.0s
=> exporting to image 1.0s
=> => exporting layers 1.0s
=> => writing image sha256:41c69e2c47dba70d1dbb89a1929f117fd3b680ee17a79cb15878e48ed51b1346 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/mynginx 0.0s3.6.4.运行一个容器测试访问
[root@localhost nginx]# docker run -itd --name nginx -p 80:80 mynginx
[root@localhost nginx]# docker exec -it nginx nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
4.基于源码包构建myslq、php、nginx、tomcat等镜像
4.1.基于源码包构建nginx镜像
4.1.1.编写Dockerfile文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# vim Dockerfile
##基础镜像来源
FROM centos:7
##编者信息
MAINTAINER zxw<zxw@xxjsjl.cn>
##安装wget工具和下载阿里云yum源
RUN yum install wget -y
RUN wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo
##安装编译nginx所需要的依赖以及mack工具
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel && yum install -y pcre-devel libxslt-devel gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data
RUN yum install -y make
##下载nginx源码包至指定目录并解压以及创建nginx启动用户
ENV NG_VER=nginx-1.24.0
WORKDIR /user/local/src
RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/$NG_VER.tar.gz && tar xzvf $NG_VER.tar.gz
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
##进入nginx解压后的目录进行编译(参数)和安装
WORKDIR /user/local/src/$NG_VER
RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
##/usr/local/nginx/sbin 被添加到 PATH 中，意味着系统可以在该路径中找到并执行 nginx 命令
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
##暴露端口
EXPOSE 80 443
##启动nginx
ENTRYPOINT ["nginx"]
##告诉容器在启动时以前台方式运行 Nginx，并执行
CMD ["-g","daemon off;"]4.1.2.构建镜像
[root@localhost nginx]# docker build -t nginx1.24.0:0.1 .
[+] Building 33.9s (14/14) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 1.31kB 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 0.0s
=> [ 1/10] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 2/10] RUN yum install wget -y 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 3/10] RUN wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 4/10] RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel && yum install -y pcre-devel libxslt-devel gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel Ge 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 5/10] RUN yum install -y make 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 6/10] WORKDIR /user/local/src 0.0s
=> [ 7/10] RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz && tar xzvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz 2.4s
=> [ 8/10] RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx 0.4s
=> [ 9/10] WORKDIR /user/local/src/nginx-1.24.0 0.0s
=> [10/10] RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addit 28.6s
=> exporting to image 2.3s
=> => exporting layers 2.3s
=> => writing image sha256:516d3a979c77ff748964df10db5f1b850cd6b9927fa4286fdce19882040690aa 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/nginx1.24.0:0.1 0.0s
[root@localhost nginx]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx1.24.0 0.1 516d3a979c77 3 minutes ago 1.08GB4.1.3.启动容器测试
[root@localhost nginx]# docker run -itd -p 80:80 --name nginx nginx1.24.0:0.1
f3be054228501f568ccef647d262b1d67dcb1fec75d62236d05614346a74ca8e
[root@localhost nginx]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3be05422850 nginx1.24.0:0.1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 443/tcp nginx
4.2.基于源码包构建php8.0镜像
提前准备源码包：oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz、php-8.0.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost php]# ls
Centos-8.repo Dockerfile oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz php-8.0.0.tar.gz4.2.1.编写Dockerfile文件
[root@localhost php]#vim Dockerfile
#this docker file
#VERSION 1
FROM centos:latest
MAINTAINER zxw@xxjsjl.cn
## 清除yum源
RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
Centos-8.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-8.repo
RUN yum install -y wget && yum install -y make
RUN wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-archive-8.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-archive-8.repo
RUN yum install -y epel-release
##安装编译oniguruma的依赖、配置编译安装oniguruma
RUN yum install autoconf automake libtool -y
ADD oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/oniguruma-6.9.4
RUN ./autogen.sh && ./configure --prefix=/usr
RUN make && make install
##安装编译安装php8.0的依赖
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ libxml2-devel \
openssl-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel \
libicu-devel freetype-devel openldap-devel openldap \
openldap-devel libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel \
sqlite-devel libcurl-devel.x86_64 libpng.x86_64 \
libpng-devel.x86_64 freetype-devel libicu-devel.x86_64 \
glibc-headers libzip-devel
##安装编译php8.0以及相关模块
ADD php-8.0.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-8.0.0
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
--with-mysqli=shared,mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql \
--enable-opcache \
--enable-gd \
--with-iconv \
--with-zip \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-xml \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--without-pear \
--with-gettext \
--enable-session \
--with-curl \
--with-jpeg \
--with-freetype \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--without-gdbm \
--enable-fast-install \
--disable-fileinfo
RUN make && make install
## 创建php启动用户
RUN groupadd nginx && useradd -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
## 配置php解析器
RUN cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
## 配置php进程管理器文件
RUN cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
## 配置PHP-FPM的一个配置文件，用于配置PHP-FPM进程池中的单个进程管理器
RUN cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
## 将 PHP-FPM 的启动脚本拷贝到系统的启动目录，以便在系统启动时自动启动 PHP-FPM
RUN cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
## 通过设置权限为 744
RUN chmod 744 /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
## 命令 “/etc/init.d/php-fpm start” 用于启动 PHP-FPM 服务
RUN /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
## 将 PHP-FPM 添加到系统的服务管理器中。该命令会在系统的服务配置目录中创建一个启动配置文件，以便在系统启动时自动启动 PHP-FPM 服务。
RUN chkconfig --add php-fpm
## 将 PHP-FPM 服务设置为开机自启动。执行这个命令后，系统会将 PHP-FPM 服务添加到开机自启动的服务列表中，并在每次系统启动时自动启动该服务。
RUN chkconfig php-fpm on
## 将指定的路径添加到系统的环境变量中
RUN echo "PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/lib:\$PATH" >>/etc/profile
## 用于将 “export PATH” 添加到系统的环境变量配置文件 “/etc/profile” 中。使用 “export PATH” 声明，确保环境变量 PATH 在当前环境中可用。添加这个声明后，系统将以指定的路径为基准来搜索可执行文件，从而使得系统可以在终端中运行你所添加的可执行文件。
RUN echo "export PATH" >>/etc/profile
RUN rm -rf /usr/local/src/*
WORKDIR /usr/local/php
EXPOSE 9000
## 用于手动启动 PHP-FPM 的命令
RUN /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]4.2.2.构建镜像
[root@localhost php]# docker build -t php80:1.0 .
4.2.3.启动容器测试服务运行情况
[root@localhost php]# docker run -itd --name php2 --privileged=true php80:1.0 /usr/sbin/init
789a5c964eb172e2840e3bcb11afbb9c5da10f60c34b12a4d7572ea5b8e9979e
[root@localhost php]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
789a5c964eb1 php80:1.0 "/usr/sbin/init" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second 9000/tcp php2
bb658bf094a3 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 33 minutes ago Up 3 minutes centos
[root@localhost php]# docker exec -it php2 ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 1 09:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/init
root 31 1 1 09:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root 35 1 4 09:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
dbus 59 1 0 09:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
root 63 1 0 09:55 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx 64 63 0 09:55 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx 65 63 0 09:55 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 155 0 0 09:55 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef4.3.基于源码包构建mysql8.0.33镜像
提前准备相应文件
4.3.1.编写dockerfile文件
[root@localhost]# mkdir mysql
[root@localhost mysql]#ls
boost_1_77_0.tar.bz2 cmake-3.9.2.tar.gz Dockerfile mysql-boost-8.0.33.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql]#vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER zxw@xxjsjl.cn
## Centos_Os_Version=CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
## 配置yum及导入相关文件
RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
ADD cmake-3.9.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
ADD mysql-boost-8.0.33.tar.gz /usr/local/src
boost_1_77_0.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/boost/boost_1_77_0.tar.bz2
installed_packages.txt /root/installed_packages.txt
Centos-7.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo
epel-7.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo
## 安装依赖
RUN yum install -y $(cat installed_packages.txt) devtoolset-11-gcc devtoolset-11-gcc-c++ devtoolset-11-binutils
## 编译安装cmake-3.9.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/cmake-3.9.2
RUN ./configure
RUN make && make install
RUN ln -s /usr/local/bin/cmake /usr/bin/
## 编译及安装mysql-8.0.33
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.33
RUN cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data/ \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=OFF \00
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLED_PROFILING=ON \
-DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DFORCE_INSOURCE_BUILD=1 \
-WITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/boost/
RUN make -j 4 && make install
## 配置mysql启动用户及设置权限
RUN groupadd mysql && useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
RUN mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data/
RUN chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
RUN chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
## 配置my.cnf文件
RUN echo "[mysqld]" >/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "bind-address=0.0.0.0" >>/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "port=3306" >>/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "basedir=/usr/local/mysql" >>/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data" >>/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password" >>/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "character-set-server=utf8mb4" >>/etc/my.cnf
RUN echo "collation-server=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci" >>/etc/my.cnf
## # 初始化数据库
RUN /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
## 复制启动文件及设置开机启动
RUN cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
RUN chkconfig mysqld on
## 添加环境变量
RUN echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH" >>/etc/profile
RUN echo "export PATH" >>/etc/profile
RUN source /etc/profile
## 添加环境变量
RUN service mysqld start
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]::6、发布镜像DockerHub或阿里云
6.1.把镜像发布到DockerHub
6.1.1.DockerHub地址，注册一个账号
https://hub.docker.com/6.2.2.登录自己的DockerHub
[root@localhost ~]# docker login -u [账号]
Password:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login#credentials-store
Login Succeeded6.2.3.提交自己的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker push [作者名字]/[镜像名称]:[版本号]#push镜像有问题？增加tag标签。
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag [作者名字]/[镜像名称]:[版本号]6.2.把镜像发布到阿里云镜像服务
6.2.1.登录到阿里云
6.2.2.找到容器镜像服务并设置
（1）创建命名空间
（2）创建镜像仓库 
(3)相关页面信息
#基础信息
#发布操作
6.2.3.将本地镜像发布至阿里云仓库
（1）登录到阿里云仓库
[root@localhost ~]# docker login --username=起风了4606 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@localhost ~]#（2）生成镜像tag并push
#生成tag
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag 209d8c830416 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/local_zxw_0616/mytomcat:0.1#push镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/local_zxw_0616/mytomcat:0.1
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/local_zxw_0616/mytomcat]
5f70bf18a086: Pushed
66d32dae2002: Pushed
09aa69d518ed: Pushed
3eb0769d6105: Pushed
3e459d597ee0: Pushed
93157c47d58e: Pushed
74ddd0ec08fa: Pushed
0.1: digest: sha256:3af1281eccdab7e1ff8039712cb97465e9b55cb5dd0b6de1eec943c65a9bc4f1 size: 1787
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